A joint, which is a connection between two bones in the skeletal system, is often referred to as an articulation or an articular surface. Motion is made possible by joints.
Functional Classification of Joints :
1. Synovial joints
The most prevalent type of joint is the synovial joint, which enables humans to conduct a variety of motions like walking, running, typing, and more. Synovial joints can move, glide over one another, rotate, and do other things. Our shoulder, neck, knee, wrist, and other joints contain these joints.
2. Cartilaginosis Joint
Symphysis or synchondrosis joints make up cartilaginous joints, which are partially mobile joints. Only in areas where cartilage serves as the link between the articulating bones do these joints develop.
3. Fibrous joints
Where bones are rigid, there are fixed joints, also known as immovable joints. Bones have been joined in these joints in such a way that they are fixed to that component, usually to construct a structure. The skull serves as a notable illustration of a fixed joint.
Structural Classification of Joints :
1. Hinge Joint
Similar to door hinges, hinge joints allow only backward and forward movement. The ankle, elbow, and knee joints are examples of hinge joints.
2. Ball and socket joint
In this instance, one bone hooks into the hollow of another bone. This kind of joint facilitates rotational movement. The shoulders are an example of a ball and socket joint.
3. Saddle joints
The saddle joint is a biaxial joint that may move in two directions: flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction. The only bone in the human body with a saddle joint, for instance, is the thumb.
4. Condyloid Joints
Condyloid joints have two axes and allow for both up-and-down and side-to-side motions. The base of the index finger, the wrists carpals, the elbow, and the wrist joints all contain condyloid joints. Condylar, or ellipsoid, is another name for this joint.
5. Pivotal joint
One bone has tapped into the other in this kind of joint, making it unable to rotate fully. This joint facilitates movement in both directions. In the neck, an illustration of a crucial joint.