Three different types of conductors are used in AC electrical wiring: phase wire, neutral wire, and earth or ground wire.
1. Earthing wire
Electric appliances have metallic bodies that are wired to the earth to conduct any leakage of electric current to the ground. This shields the person from electric shock.
Phase and neutral are connected to the main power cable, while the earth is attached to a piece of equipment that, while it normally does not carry current, is intended to do so in the event of an insulation failure. Earthing is the process of defending against unplanned surges and bursts of electricity that could harm people and property.
2. Neutral Wire
The conductor wire that is utilised to provide a return path for the electric current in an AC (alternating current) electrical circuit is referred to as neutral or neutral wire. In order for current to flow, a neutral wire, which completes the circuit, is a necessary component of an electric circuit. As a result, a neutral wire transports the return current to the transformer, alternator, or other electrical supply source.
3. Phase Wire
In its simplest form, the HOT WIRE OR PHASE WIRE is a phase conductor that is connected to the supply mains. Phase wire is always made of ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced), although it can also be made of straight or stranded copper or aluminium conductors. Due to the fact that a three-wire three-phase circuit needs less conductor material to transfer a given quantity of electrical power, it is typically more cost-effective than an identical two-wire single-phase circuit at the same line to ground voltage.